Everything about Union American Civil War totally explained
During the
American Civil War,
Union was a name used to refer to the twenty-three states of the
United States which were not part of the
seceding Confederacy. Although the Union states included the
Western states of
California,
Oregon, and (after 1864)
Nevada, as well as states generally considered to be part of the
Midwest, the Union is also often loosely referred to as "the
North", both then
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Overview
Because the term had been used prior to the war to refer to the entire United States (a "union of states"), using it to apply to the non-secessionist side carried a connotation of legitimacy as the continuation of the pre-existing political entity. Also, in the public dialogue of the United States, new states are "admitted to the Union," and the
President's annual address to
Congress and to the people is referred to as the "
State of the Union" Address.
During the American Civil War, those loyal to the Federal Government and opposed to secession living in the
border states and Confederate states were termed Unionists. Confederate soldiers sometimes styled them "Homemade Yankees." However, Southern Unionists were not necessarily northern sympathizers and many of them -- although opposing secession -- supported the Confederacy once it was a fact.
Still, nearly 120,000
Southern Unionists served in the
Union Army during the Civil War, and every Southern state, except
South Carolina, raised Unionist regiments.
Southern Unionists were extensively used as anti-
guerrilla forces and as occupation troops in areas of the Confederacy occupied by the
Union. Since the Civil War, the term "Northern" has been a widely used synonym for the Union side of the conflict.
Union is usually used in contexts where "United States" might be confusing, "Federal" obscure, or "
Yankee" dated or derogatory.
Union states
The Union states were:
*Denotes a
border state. In Kentucky and Missouri, pro-secession factions declared for the South and those states were claimed by the Confederacy, but Unionist state governments remained in power.
Kansas joined the Union on
January 14,
1861, after the secession crisis had begun but before the outbreak of fighting.
West Virginia separated from Virginia and became part of the Union during the war, on
June 20,
1863.
Nevada also joined the Union during the war, on
October 31,
1864.
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